WISP CAPACITY PLANNING

Mixed-Architecture
WISP Design

Three-tier wireless ISP architecture combining Tarana G1, CBRS 3.5 GHz, and Ubiquiti LTU for the Mendota solar tower. Interactive capacity planning, bandwidth distribution, and backhaul modeling.

Every subscriber gets real broadband speeds. No more 25/5 Mbps plans.

200/50
Premium Mbps
100/20
Standard Mbps
50/10
Basic Mbps
~500
Total Subs
12
Sectors (3 tiers)
AI-Generated Planning Framework: This is a theoretical capacity model for educational and planning purposes. Equipment specifications are based on manufacturer datasheets. Real-world performance varies based on terrain, interference, weather, and deployment quality. Always validate with site surveys and professional RF engineering before purchasing equipment.

Subscriber Capacity Planner

Configure each tier independently. Adjust subscriber counts, plan speeds, and pricing to model different scenarios. Watch sector utilization to avoid overloading.

Mixed-Architecture Tower Layout

Tower + Street-Level
TARANA G1 (60m+)
CAMBIUM 6 GHz (40-55m)
CBRS 3.5 GHz (30-40m)
LTU 5 GHz (10-30m)
MikroTik 60G (street poles)
4 sectors per tower tier + 12 street APs
Premium Tier
Tarana G1
Position:Top (60m+)
Sectors:4
Agg/sector:520 Mbps
Total subs:96
Speed:200/50
Price:$99/mo
High-Capacity Tier
Cambium ePMP 4600
Position:Upper-Mid (40-55m)
Sectors:4
Agg/sector:720 Mbps
Total subs:160
Speed:150/30
Price:$85/mo
Standard Tier
CBRS (Baicells/Cambium)
Position:Mid (30-40m)
Sectors:4
Agg/sector:240 Mbps
Total subs:200
Speed:100/20
Price:$75/mo
Basic Tier
Ubiquiti LTU Rocket
Position:Lower (10-30m)
Sectors:4
Agg/sector:300 Mbps
Total subs:200
Speed:50/10
Price:$55/mo
In-Town Gigabit
MikroTik wAP 60Gx3
Position:Street-level (poles/buildings)
Sectors:12
Agg/sector:990 Mbps
Total subs:72
Speed:500/100
Price:$89/mo

Tier Configuration

Premium Tier: Tarana G1

5 GHz (interference-canceling)

96 subscribers
$9,504/mo
24
x 4 sectors = 96 total
200
50
$99
Sector utilization (3:1 oversubscription)1600 / 520 Mbps (100%)
Sector overloaded! Reduce subscribers or lower plan speeds.
Active interference cancellationAdaptive beamforming per clientCompetes with fiber on speedBest for businesses & power users

High-Capacity Tier: Cambium ePMP 4600

6 GHz AFC (unlicensed, empty spectrum)

160 subscribers
$13,600/mo
40
x 4 sectors = 160 total
150
30
$85
Sector utilization (5:1 oversubscription)1200 / 720 Mbps (100%)
Sector overloaded! Reduce subscribers or lower plan speeds.
6 GHz AFC - 1,200 MHz of empty spectrumNo DFS, no interference, no license feeWi-Fi 6E based - 4x4 MU-MIMOcnMaestro cloud management8 km effective range

Standard Tier: CBRS (Baicells/Cambium)

3.5 GHz (licensed via SAS)

200 subscribers
$15,000/mo
50
x 4 sectors = 200 total
100
20
$75
Sector utilization (5:1 oversubscription)1000 / 240 Mbps (100%)
Sector overloaded! Reduce subscribers or lower plan speeds.
Licensed spectrum - no interferencePAL license ~$1-5K for rural countyBest NLOS penetration (lower freq)10 km effective range

Basic Tier: Ubiquiti LTU Rocket

5 GHz (unlicensed)

200 subscribers
$11,000/mo
50
x 4 sectors = 200 total
50
10
$55
Sector utilization (8:1 oversubscription)313 / 300 Mbps (100%)
Sector overloaded! Reduce subscribers or lower plan speeds.
Cost-effective entry tierGPS sync for frequency reuseGood for budget residential & farmsUp to 30 km range with LTU LR CPE

In-Town Gigabit: MikroTik wAP 60Gx3

60 GHz V-band (unlicensed)

72 subscribers
$6,408/mo
6
x 12 sectors = 72 total
500
100
$89
Sector utilization (4:1 oversubscription)750 / 990 Mbps (76%)
60 GHz mmWave - near-gigabit speeds$200 AP + $75 CPE = cheapest gig deploy500m range max (LOS required)In-town Mendota density only12 APs on poles/buildings covers downtown
Total Subscribers
728
across 5 tiers, 28 sectors/APs
Monthly ISP Revenue
$55,512
$666,144/year
Base Station CapEx
$36,996
28 base stations + antennas
Peak Backhaul Demand
5.7 Gbps
30% of 19.0 Gbps theoretical max

Bandwidth Distribution by Tier

Premium Tier (Tarana G1)96 subs | 2080 Mbps | $9,504/mo
Bandwidth share (11%)
Revenue share (17%)
High-Capacity Tier (Cambium ePMP 4600)160 subs | 2880 Mbps | $13,600/mo
Bandwidth share (15%)
Revenue share (24%)
Standard Tier (CBRS (Baicells/Cambium))200 subs | 960 Mbps | $15,000/mo
Bandwidth share (5%)
Revenue share (27%)
Basic Tier (Ubiquiti LTU Rocket)200 subs | 1200 Mbps | $11,000/mo
Bandwidth share (6%)
Revenue share (20%)
In-Town Gigabit (MikroTik wAP 60Gx3)72 subs | 11880 Mbps | $6,408/mo
Bandwidth share (63%)
Revenue share (12%)

Revenue Efficiency ($/Mbps consumed)

$4.57
Tarana G1
$4.72
Cambium ePMP 4600
$15.63
CBRS (Baicells/Cambium)
$9.17
Ubiquiti LTU Rocket
$0.54
MikroTik wAP 60Gx3

Spectrum Allocation Across All Bands

Five bands across four tiers, plus 60 GHz for in-town. Each operates independently with zero co-channel interference between tiers.

5 GHz — LTU + Tarana Sectors

Tarana handles its own interference cancellation. LTU requires clean channel separation with GPS sync.

SectorChannelFrequencyBandStatus
NorthCh 36 (40 MHz)5180-5220 MHzUNII-1Clean
EastCh 52 (40 MHz)5260-5300 MHzUNII-2DFS - radar detection
SouthCh 100 (40 MHz)5500-5540 MHzUNII-2eDFS - radar detection
WestCh 149 (40 MHz)5745-5785 MHzUNII-3Clean

6 GHz AFC — Cambium ePMP 4600 Sectors

1,200 MHz of brand new spectrum. 160 MHz channels = 4x the bandwidth of 5 GHz 40 MHz channels. No DFS, no radar issues. AFC (Automated Frequency Coordination) database ensures no incumbent interference.

SectorChannelFrequencyBandStatus
NorthCh 1 (160 MHz)5955-6115 MHzUNII-5Clean — no DFS required
EastCh 65 (160 MHz)6275-6435 MHzUNII-6Clean — no DFS required
SouthCh 129 (160 MHz)6595-6755 MHzUNII-7Clean — no DFS required
WestCh 193 (160 MHz)6915-7075 MHzUNII-8Clean — no DFS required

3.5 GHz CBRS

150 MHz of spectrum managed by SAS (Spectrum Access System). PAL licenses purchased at FCC auction give priority access. GAA (General Authorized Access) available without license but lower priority. Rural LaSalle County PAL licenses are cheap ($1-5K).

60 GHz V-Band

14 GHz of unlicensed spectrum (57-71 GHz). Massive bandwidth but oxygen absorption limits range to ~500m. Perfect for in-town last-mile. No license, no coordination needed. Self-interference is minimal due to narrow beams and short range.

CPE Cost Breakdown

TierCPE UnitSubscribersCPE TotalBase StationsTier Total CapExPayback (months)
Tarana G1$50096$48,000$14,000$62,0007 mo
Cambium ePMP 4600$250160$40,000$8,000$48,0004 mo
CBRS (Baicells/Cambium)$300200$60,000$10,800$70,8005 mo
Ubiquiti LTU Rocket$199200$39,800$1,796$41,5964 mo
MikroTik wAP 60Gx3$7572$5,400$2,400$7,8002 mo
TOTAL728$193,200$36,996$230,1965 mo

Backhaul & Transit Architecture

Fiber primary with wireless PtP backup ring. BGP multi-homing across two transit providers for automatic failover. Model different fiber options and backup link configurations.

Dark fiber on the I-80/I-39 corridor is the best long-term play. 10G optics today, upgrade to 100G by swapping a $300 SFP module.

Backhaul Network Topology

                         Rockford (80km N)
                         Fiber POP (metro)
                              |
                              | -- disabled --
                              |
  Sterling (53km W)      MENDOTA         DeKalb (46km NE)
  Fiber POP              TOWER           NIU Fiber POP
                         /|\                |
                         ---+----- AF5XHD 750M ----
                          |                 |
                          |                 v
                       |            Chicago/Naperville
                              |
                         AF5XHD 1G
                              |
                         LaSalle-Peru (23km S)
                         Lumen CO Fiber POP
                              |
                              v
                         Peoria (via relay)

  ===== PRIMARY =====
  [Dark Fiber Pair (Zayo/Lumen)]
  10G-100G (your optics) | $2500/mo
  Route: I-80 / I-39 corridor to tower site

Primary Fiber Backhaul

Mendota sits near I-80 and I-39 - both major fiber corridors. Zayo, Lumen, and i3 Broadband all have infrastructure nearby. Dark fiber is the best long-term play.

Fiber Construction Cost Breakdown

The real cost of getting fiber to a tower site. Engineering, permits, boring, optical equipment, and tower installation are the bulk of the CapEx — not the monthly lease. This is what people underestimate.

Engineering & Design
Permit drawings & engineering$10,000 – $25,000

Route survey, bore plan, utility locates, permit submittal drawings. Cost scales with run distance and jurisdiction complexity.

Permitting & ROW fees$2,000 – $8,000

County/township road bore permits, railroad crossing permits (if applicable), IDOT permits for state road crossings.

Construction
Directional boring$15 – $35per linear ft

Horizontal directional drilling. $15/ft in open farmland, $25-35/ft for road crossings, rock, or congested utility corridors. 3-mile run = 15,840 ft.

Fiber optic cable (12-strand SM)$1 – $3per linear ft

Single-mode 12-strand in duct. Pre-connectorized ends add cost. Armored cable for direct burial adds ~$0.50/ft.

Splicing & termination$5,000 – $12,000

Fusion splicing at each end + splice enclosures. Mid-span splice points add $2-4K each.

OTDR testing & certification$2,000 – $5,000

Bi-directional OTDR testing on every strand. Required for acceptance. Includes as-built documentation.

Tower & Site
Fiber run up tower + ice bridge$3,000 – $8,000

Armored fiber riser cable from ground vault to equipment shelter to tower top. Includes ice bridge, cable tray, weatherproofing.

Tower crew (rigging & install)$15,000 – $35,000

Certified tower climbers to mount all radio equipment (4 tiers × 4 sectors + antennas), run cables, ground, align. 3-5 day crew depending on tier count.

Optical Equipment
Ciena/ADVA optical transport$8,000 – $25,000per end (×2)

Optical mux/demux at each end of fiber. Ciena 6500 or ADVA FSP 150 for managed wavelength services. Simpler: skip this and use direct SFP+ optics for 10G ($600/pair).

SFP+/QSFP28 optics$300 – $3,000per pair

10G SFP+ LR: $300/pair. 100G QSFP28 coherent: $3,000/pair. Start with 10G, upgrade optics as needed.

Example: 3-Mile Fiber Run to Nearest POP

Engineering & permits:$15,000 – $33,000
Boring (15,840 ft × $15-35):$237,600 – $554,400
Fiber cable:$15,840 – $47,520
Splicing & testing:$7,000 – $17,000
Tower fiber & ice bridge:$3,000 – $8,000
Tower crew (rigging all tiers):$15,000 – $35,000
Optical transport (Ciena/direct):$600 – $50,000
Total fiber + site construction:$294K – $745K

Range is wide because boring cost dominates and varies by terrain. Open farmland with no road crossings = low end. Multiple road/rail crossings, rock, or congested utility corridors = high end. Existing conduit availability can cut boring costs 60-80%.

Wireless PtP Backhaul Ring

Redundant point-to-point links to separate fiber POPs. Each link terminates at a city with its own fiber presence, creating multiple independent paths to the internet. Toggle links to model different build phases.

LaSalle-Peru23 km S | Priority #1
1000 Mbps FD
$1,800 one-time
Equipment
AF5XHD + 34dBi dish
Fiber at destination
Lumen CO (confirmed presence)
Purpose
Hot standby - auto-failover if primary fiber cuts
DeKalb (NIU)46 km NE | Priority #2
750 Mbps FD
$1,800 one-time
Equipment
AF5XHD + 34dBi dish
Fiber at destination
NIU campus fiber / i3 Broadband
Purpose
Diversity path - different provider, route to Chicago
Sterling-Rock Falls53 km W | Priority #3
500 Mbps FD
$1,800 one-time
Rockford80 km N | Priority #4
1200 Mbps FD
$4,500 one-time
Total wireless backhaul capacity:1.8 Gbps
Wireless backhaul CapEx:$3,600

Link Aggregation (LAG/ECMP)

Bond multiple fiber links for more capacity and redundancy. ECMP (Equal-Cost Multi-Path) distributes traffic across links automatically.

1x
Per-link capacity:100G
Bonded capacity:100G
Monthly cost:$2,500/mo

Content Caching

Cache Netflix, YouTube, and software updates locally. Major content providers ship you hardware for free — you just provide rack space and power.

35%
Netflix OCA (~18%) + Google GGC (~14%) + misc = ~35%
Raw fiber capacity:100G
Effective capacity (with caching):154G
Cache hardware cost:~$2K (rack/power/ports — appliances are free)
Netflix OCA — Free appliance, serves ~18% of traffic locally
Google GGC — Free appliance, YouTube + Android + Chrome = ~14%
Steam/Lancache — Run your own, game updates cached
Microsoft MCC — Free, Windows/Xbox updates cached
Total Effective Backhaul Capacity
154G effective
100G raw (1x 100G fiber) + 35% caching + 1.8G wireless backup
Can serve
~8800 subs
at 5 Mbps avg, 3.5x peak

IP Transit & BGP

$0.30
Typical rural IL: $0.20-$0.50/Mbps
2 Gbps
Start at 2 Gbps, scale with subscribers
Transit monthly:$600/mo
Fiber monthly:$2,500/mo
Total connectivity OpEx:$3,100/mo

BGP Multi-Homing Setup

Own ASN (ARIN)
$550/year - Autonomous System Number for BGP peering. Required for multi-homing with two transit providers.
IP Space (/22 block)
1,024 IPv4 addresses. $250/year maintenance. Use CGNAT for residential, direct allocation for business tier.
Core Router
MikroTik CCR2216-1G-12XS-2XQ (~$1500). Handles full BGP table, 10G/25G SFP28 ports, 100G QSFP28 uplinks. Can route 100 Gbps.
Peering Strategy
Provider A at Mendota fiber POP. Provider B at LaSalle-Peru via PtP. BGP automatically routes traffic to best path. If one provider goes down, all traffic shifts to the other in seconds.

Failover Scenarios

Normal Operation

Normal

All links up, traffic via primary fiber

Available capacity: 100 Gbps fiber + 1.8 Gbps wireless standby
Subscriber impact: Full capacity, all tiers operational

Primary Fiber Cut

MEDIUM

Fiber bore damaged (construction, weather). Traffic fails over to LaSalle PtP.

Available capacity: 1.0 Gbps via LaSalle-Peru fiber POP
Subscriber impact: Premium tier may throttle. Basic + Standard unaffected.

Primary + LaSalle Down

MEDIUM

Fiber cut AND LaSalle link failure (unlikely but plan for it).

Available capacity: 0.8 Gbps via DeKalb fiber POP
Subscriber impact: Reduced capacity. May need to shed Basic tier temporarily.

DDoS / Congestion Event

LOW

Volumetric attack or upstream congestion on primary transit.

Available capacity: BGP shifts traffic to secondary transit provider
Subscriber impact: BGP multi-homing absorbs the shift. Brief blip during convergence.
Total Backhaul CapEx
$157,650
Fiber setup (1x): $150,000
Wireless PtP: $3,600
Router: $1,500
Caching infra: $2,000
ASN: $550
Monthly Connectivity OpEx
$3,100/mo
Fiber lease (1x): $2,500/mo
Transit (2G commit): $600/mo
Annual: $37,200/yr
Gross Margin Target
~85%
Typical WISP gross margin on connectivity. $3,100/mo OpEx against subscriber revenue means strong margins even at 200 subscribers.

Fiber Providers to Contact (Mendota/LaSalle County)

Zayo GroupHigh
Dark Fiber / Lit Services

Major fiber along I-80 corridor. Most likely source for dark fiber near Mendota.

Lumen (CenturyLink)High
Lit Services / Enterprise

Has fiber infrastructure in LaSalle County. CO presence in LaSalle-Peru confirmed.

i3 BroadbandMedium
Regional Fiber ISP

Illinois regional provider, expanding aggressively in central IL. May partner on last-mile.

Illinois Century NetworkMedium
State Fiber Network

State-run fiber backbone. May have POP in LaSalle-Peru. Worth investigating for transit.

Regional Backbone Vision

Each PtP backhaul link destination becomes a potential tower site with its own WISP deployment. The Mendota tower is the junction hub - the first node in a regional backbone.

LaSalle-PeruPhase 1
Population: ~20,000
Distance: 23 km
Closest relay. Fiber POP backup. Serves Illinois Valley.
DeKalbPhase 2
Population: ~45,000
Distance: 46 km
NIU campus. Gateway to Chicago metro. Student market.
Sterling-Rock FallsPhase 2
Population: ~22,000
Distance: 53 km
Western expansion. Path to Quad Cities market.
RockfordPhase 3
Population: ~150,000
Distance: 80 km
Largest market in range. Metro fiber access. Big revenue potential.

Each relay site replicates the mixed-architecture model: tower + WISP + carrier leases. Revenue compounds as the network grows. The backbone pays for itself through subscriber fees while the carrier leases are pure profit.

Equipment specifications sourced from: Ubiquiti (ui.com) | Tarana Wireless | Baicells (CBRS) | FCC CBRS Band Overview. Pricing estimates based on WISP industry benchmarks and publicly available MSRP. Transit pricing reflects typical Midwest US rates (2024-2026).